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Settlement of the Port Phillip district was begun in 1835 after a purchase of land from the local Aboriginal chiefs. On 6 June 1835, John Batman signed a 'treaty' with the Aborigines, giving him free access to almost 250,000 hectares of land. In August that year, Governor Bourke declared Batman's treaties invalid, and issued a proclamation warning off him and his syndicate as trespassers on crown land. Despite the attempts at government intervention, the foundling settlement of Melbourne remained, and flourished. (After the death of Batman in 1839, John Fawkner took the opportunity to promote himself as the founder of Melbourne.) On a visit by Governor Bourke in 1837, Melbourne was officially founded and named for Viscount Melbourne, the Prime Minister of Britain, on the 8th of March. The Colony of Victoria was created on the 1st of July, 1850, and named for Queen Victoria.

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