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It began as a matter of trade, as Dutch merchants at sea gained control of most European shipping. This led to war between England and the Netherlands, one fought entirely at sea, and which didn't really solve anything. At the beginning of a second war, England's King Charles ordered that New Netherlands, a collection of settlements governed from New Amsterdam, be taken by England and made part of his kingdoms.

In taking New Netherlands, England gained more room for its own colonists and ended a constant series of conflicts between English and Netherlands settlers. It also gained ports with established trade routes, improving their position in competition with the Netherlands.

The Netherlands took their colonies back, but they were retaken again by the British, who had realized the worth of these new possessions and made them part of New England.

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