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After the defeat of the Persian invasion 480-479 BCE, Athens orgainsed an anti-Persian league amongst the Greek city states of the Aegean and Asia Minor. The states could contribute warships or money. Most took the easy way out and paid. These funds paid for the manning of the Athenian navy, which made Athens the dominant sea power, and also gave it the capacity to extract city cash contributions to pay for the navy. This amphibious power gave it the capability to threaten all city states located near the sea, which most were. The anti-Persian league therefore transitioned into an Athenian empire. The other factor was that Athens built the 'Long Walls' from the city to its port of Piraeos. This meant that they had secure access from the city to the port, and could both continue naval operations and also import food if the city was invested.

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