NO
Yes, Scotland is out side of the U.S.
no
No, you do not need a passport just a form of photo ID.
this question doesn't make sense as Scotland is in the UK. If you mean "do you need a passport to travel between England and Scotland" then the answer is no. Unless you are flying, in which case you will need some form of photo ID such as a passport or driving license.
No.
yes
Absolutely not.
unfortunately you do
No, for domestic flights, you will need a form of photographic ID, not necessarily a passport.
Yes
Of course. You will need a valid passport.