Can a M1 rifle and M14 rifle fire the same round?

Answer 1

Yes, they fire the same .30 Carbine cartridge, the M1 was to be capable of selective fire control, but this was dropped. Because a demand arose for an automatic capability, the M2was developed, with a selective-fire switch added to the left side of the receiver, operating on the sear mechanism.

Because a demand arose for an automatic capability, the M2 was developed, with a selective-fire switch added to the left side of the receiver, operating on the sear mechanism. With its 30 round magazine and rapid fire, it was an effective counter to the various submachine guns used by the Communists in the Korean War and had greater stopping power.

The US Carbine, Caliber .30in, M3, or T3, was simply an M2 with suitable mountings prepared on the receiver to take various models of infra-red night-sighting devices. No open or conventional sights were provided, and the IR carbine mounted an M3 flash hider, a simpler design than that for the M1C Garand.

All three versions of the .30 carbine (M1, M2, M3) fire the same round, which was uniquely designed for that family of weapons. The .30 carbine round is less powerful (110 grains vs. 174 grains) and has less range (300 vs. 600) and recoil than a the standard .30-06 rifle round used in the larger and heavier Garand rifle. The bullet is also round-nosed rather than pointed. The carbine and its cartridge was intended to fill a perceived gap between a pistol and a full-sized rifle for use by rear-echelon support troops.

Answer 2

Assuming you're referring to the M1 Garand, the general answer would be no. The M1 Garand utilised the 7.62x63 cartridge (more commonly known as the .30-06), whereas the M14 fires the shorter 7.62x51 cartridge.

However, some variants of the M1 rifle were manufactured for testing purposes which were chambered in 7.62x51. Additionally, the M1A rifles marketed by Springfield are chambered in 7.62x51, although M1A is simply a company designation, and not an actual military nomenclature.