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This HAS happened....1824. The vote then goes to the House of Representatives (per 12th amendment). In that case, Andrew Jackson had received the most electoral votes, but not a majority. However, John Quincy Adams was elected President by Congress.

In 1800 before the 12th amendment, Thomas Jefferson and running mate, Aaron Burr tied in the electoral vote and the election went to the House where Jefferson eventually prevailed. (Burr saw a chance to be President and refused to concede and opponents of Jefferson saw a chance to cause trouble and maybe gain some concessions. )

It almost happened in 1876 when the credentials of 18 of the electors were in dispute, mostly from Southern states whose governments were still in disarray from the Civil War. A special committee of 5 congressmen, 5 senators and 5 supreme court justices was appointed to rule on the credentials and Hayes won every one of the 18 disputed votes, which gave him the majority by just one vote, 185-184.

The closest case of this happening since then was in 2000 when Bush got 271 electoral votes (270 were needed), and Gore getting 266.

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