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The clear and present danger test established in Schenck v. US, (1919) has been restricted; in fact, it is no longer the standard for creating exceptions to the protection of free speech. The present test, derived from the opinion of Bradenburg v. Ohio, (1969), "imminent lawless action," allows greater latitude for free speech and sets a higher bar for judging "danger."

In Bradenburg (also called the Ku Klux Klan case), the Supreme Court overturned a lower court decision preventing the Klan from obtaining a parade permit to march through a town. The per curiam (unsigned) opinion held:

"Freedoms of speech and press do not permit a State to forbid advocacy of the use of force or of law violation except where such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action."

Case Citations:

Clear and Present Danger: Schenck v. United States, 249 US 47 (1919)

Imminent Lawless Action: Bradenburg v. United States, 395 US 444 (1969)

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