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There are 5 classic long vowels.

A - AY

E - EE

I - eye

O - OH

U - OO or YOO

Some sources list a short YOO ,as well, but the distinction is often ignored. The long YOO can be treated as a Y consonant followed by the long OO.

The caret A has the long A sound followed by an R, sounding like "air." This would not actually be a separate long sound. Similarly, the caret O (a long O followed by an R) sounds like "or" in the US and "aw" in British English.

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