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The SocialSecurityAct for the first time established an economic "safety net" for all Americans, providing unemployment and disability insurance and old-age pensions. (See primary source document: A Program forSocialSecurity.) The WPA, headed by Roosevelt's close confidant Harry Hopkins, aimed to provide the unemployed with useful work that would help to maintain their skills and bolster their self-respect. Between 1935 and 1941 it employed a monthly average of 2.1 million workers on a variety of projects, including the construction of roads, bridges, airports, and public buildings; natural-resource conservation; and artistic and cultural programs such as painting public murals and writing local and regional histories.

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