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In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. This ruling effectively ended the practice of "separate but equal," which had been established by Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. The Court's decision mandated the desegregation of schools across the United States, stating that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal, thus violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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