7.7x58; have it checked over by a gunsmith BEFORE you attempt to fire.
The Arisaka Type 38 Rifle and the Arisaka Type 44 Rifle both used a 6.5 mm bullet whereas the Arisaka Type 99 Rifle used a 7.7 cartridge . The Nambu Type 14 Handgun used an 8 mm cartridge .
6.5 mm Arisaka Rifle
7.62x54(R) rimmed rifle ammunition.
this rifle should be marked .22S,.22L,and .22LR.
22 Long Rifle
the ammunition would be the 25-20 Winchester center fire (25-20 WCF). ammunition is still manufactured by Winchester for this rifle.
Only if it is marked ".223 Remington" on the barrel.
More than likely your barrel will say .22 Long Rifle only. So, you can use any .22 Long Rifle ammunition.
No, this is a dedicated .223 Remington chamber, and that's the only ammunition which should be used with this rifle. While the two rounds are matching in dimensions, they are not identical.
Ammunition should be stored in a safe when not in use. If the ammunition is being used on the range, only the amount needed should be out, and it should be kept out of the reach of children.
Do not attempt to use ammunition in a weapon not chambered for it.
As long as both the rifle and the revolver are chambered in .44 magnum you can use the same ammunition for both. I have a Henry rifle in .44 mag and a Ruger redhawk .44 mag and I use the same ammo for both. That's one of the nice things about that caliber.