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Five significant U.S. Supreme Court cases that have shifted power from the states to the federal government include McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), which established federal supremacy over state laws; Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), which expanded federal power to regulate interstate commerce; Wickard v. Filburn (1942), which allowed the federal government to regulate personal agricultural production; Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which enforced federal authority over state segregation laws; and Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), which recognized same-sex marriage as a constitutional right, overriding state bans. These cases collectively reinforced federal power in various areas of governance and civil rights.

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