USS George Washinton.
In 1957, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was selected to develop the nuclear warhead for the UGM-27 Polaris SLBM.
The M45 submarine-launched ballistic missile was first tested in 1986. It was fired in 2004 from the Vigilant at a target near French Guinea, which it hit.
The Romans created the first ballista. It looked like a very large cross bow. It throws things a long way (relatively). A ballistic missile throws itself. An anti-ballistic missile throws itself at the incoming ballistic missile.
The Polaris SLBM program started in 1956; the first successful launch from the USS George Washington (SSBN-598) was on July 20, 1960. Later in 1961 the Polaris A-2 SLBM entered active service in the Navy's submarine fleet.
Royal Navy submarine
ICBM's are surface-surface missiles and typically have a greater range than submarine launched missiles. The first developed Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) was the Navy's UGM-27 Polaris Missile, developed by Lockheed beginning in 1957, tested in 1960, and deployed on FBM submarines beginning in 1961 on the USS George Washington (SSBN-598). The Polaris served well up through the 70's, being used by both the U.S. Navy and the British Royal Navy. It began to be replaced by the much more versatile UGM-73 Poseidon missile beginning in 1972. The Poseidon was itself eventually replaced by the UGM-96 Trident I missile beginning in 1979, and the UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D5) in 1990, which is still in use today. The Trident missiles have true intercontinental range; the Trident I had a range of 4600 nautical miles (5293.585 miles), and the Trident D5 has a range of 7,000nm (8055.456 miles). The top range of the Polaris was only 2000nm (2301.558 miles) by comparison.
Sputnik 1 was launched on a R-7 Semyorka rocket, which was a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile. It was the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile and the first rocket to successfully launch a satellite into orbit.
The first ballistic missile was created in the 1930s by Walter Dornberger. It was launched in 1944 into London, an English city. Within three years of the first launch, over three thousand ballistic missiles were created and fired. The first kind of missile, using metal tubes and explosive powder, was created in the 18th Century, by Tippu Sultan.
the anti-ballistic missile (ABM)
Werner von Braun during WW2 in Nazi Germany, the V-2.
First attest 1775, ultimately from Greek ballein "to throw". Of rockets or missiles, from 1949. Ballistic missile first attested 1954, attained extreme heights, hence figurative expression 'go ballistic' (1981) "become irrationally angry."
The second of Germany's Vengeance Weapons. The first Liquid Fuel Ballistic Missile to be used in war.