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Under the Uniform Commercial Code and modern stock exchange systems, stock is not issued in the traditional manner, but rather is held by a series of proxies. Retail investors hold "beneficial securities entitlements" which are matched to stock held in the name of DTC nominee Cede Co on the books of the underlying securities issuer. So if Bob is a retail investor in GOOG, Google sees Bob's shares in Google's stock register under street name. Google has no idea that Bob holds Google stock. Bob's brokerage's custodian bank is responsible for matching the rights in Google held by the stock exchange up to the rights of Bob as beneficial owner. The custodian must relay to Bob the proxy papers for stockholder meetings and dividends and so on as Bob demands.

A custodian bank functions as a securities intermediary in the holding chain for securities held in street name. It is a type of proxy that is expedient for stock brokers or large investors. After clients negotiate trades of securities, the clients' custodian handles the actual settlement of securities transactions by effecting changes of securities ownership in the stock exchange securities registers run by the DTC.

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