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Senator Joseph McCarthy (a Republican from ) is best known for his role in the "Red Scare" of the 1950s, so much so that a new term for a "witch hunt" of suspected enemies with little or no proof emerged: "McCarthyism".
Following World War 2, it quickly became clear that wartime ally the Soviet Union would become a rival for global power with the United States. This, combined with the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, led to an epidemic of paranoia over the "Red Menace", which McCarthy capitalized on by accusing members of the US State Department of being communist sympathizers. He was fond of claiming he had "a list of names" of known communists in the government. McCarthy even went so far as to accuse high-ranking members of the military of communist leanings; it was his attacks on the military that seem to have finally turned people against McCarthy, as even President Eisenhower (also a Republican), finally denounced the wayward Senator, after having remained silent on the issue of McCarthyism.

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