Richard Nixon, Nelson Rockefeller, Gerald Ford, and (possibly) Jimmy Carter. Here's how it breaks down:
Reagan ran for governor of California twice and was elected both times. He chose not to run for a third term.
He sort of half-heartedly ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968, but was never really a serious contender. He came in third overall, after Nixon and Rockefeller.
He ran more seriously for the Republican presidential nomination in 1976, and while he ultimately lost to Ford, it was considerably closer: 1070 delegates to Ford's 1187.
Technically, he came in third in the 1976 Presidential election after Ford and Carter (the overall winner), as he received a single electoral vote from the state of Washington... one of the delegates pledged to Ford cast his vote for Reagan instead.
In 1980 and 1984, he won both the Republican primary and the general election to become President. After that he was no longer eligible to run, having reached his term limit.
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During November of 1980, Ronal Reagan defeated his Democratic Party Opponent: Jimmy Carter by nearly 10 million votes. And his Independent Party Opponent: John Anderson by nearly 40 million votes.
Votes per side:
Ronald Reagan: 43,903,230
Jimmy Carter: 35,480,115
John Anderson: 5,719,850
He defeated Jimmy Carter in the 1980 election and he defeated Walter Mondale in the 1984 election.