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Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 to establish a federal court system and define its structure and jurisdiction. This legislation aimed to create a balanced judicial framework that would address the needs of the new nation, ensuring a uniform interpretation of Federal Laws across states. It also set up the Supreme Court, district courts, and circuit courts, thereby laying the groundwork for the American judiciary. The Act was essential in promoting the rule of law and maintaining judicial independence within the federal government.

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