There were no equally standards for minorities in the early 60's. They were free but held to a separate but equal standard. It was widely believed by individuals such as Senator Byrd that blacks were seriously inferior to the superior white race.
The issues of equality came later in the 60's and 70's with equal rights amendments. They forced corporations and groups to view things differently.
The pendulum swung to the left now and it is Ok, by law, to hire a minority over a white male. This can cause resentment in younger people that do not remember then discrimination of the early 60's. Reverse discrimination is equally evil and is an issue that will need to be addressed at some point in the future.
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are called the Reconstruction Amendments because they gave citizenship rights and protections to African-Americans and were part of the project of Reconstruction (which was from 1865-1877).
constitutional amendments giving citizens ship rights to African-Americans
The US Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson,(1896) upheld laws allowing racial discrimination, colloquially known as "Jim Crow" laws. The Court declared these laws were constitutional and not in violation of the Thirteenth or Fourteenth Amendments as long as African-Americans were provided "separate but equal" accommodations (which was rarely the case).
The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 outlawed racial discrimination in schools and public accommodations. The Title IX Education Amendments of 1972 prohibited gender discrimination in education programs receiving federal funding, including schools and universities.
The founders allowed for amendments, and through the years, these have made some very important changes, including giving African-Americans and women the right to vote. There are currently 27 amendments to the constitution.
Racial discrimination.
Discrimination was like the trail of tears it was bad
With the Reconstruction Amendments
Reconstruction Amendments ~ APEX
During this period, African Americans faced systemic racism, segregation, and disenfranchisement, particularly in the Jim Crow South, where laws enforced racial segregation and limited voting rights. Mexican Americans often encountered discrimination through labor exploitation, cultural stigmatization, and legal challenges, including the denial of citizenship rights. Asian Americans faced exclusionary laws, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act, and widespread prejudice, leading to social and economic marginalization. All these groups experienced varying degrees of violence, discrimination, and marginalization based on their racial and ethnic identities.
Many Americans have a better memory of African-American discrimination than the Asian-American discrimination because it seems more real to them to their day to day life.
Mexican Americans in the southwest were most directly affected by institutional discrimination, such as segregation in schools, housing, and public facilities, as well as job discrimination and unequal access to opportunities. This discrimination was fueled by systemic racism and prejudice against Mexican Americans.