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During the 1950s and 1960s, segregation in the United States was characterized by widespread racial discrimination and the enforcement of laws that separated African Americans from white Americans in public spaces, schools, transportation, and housing. This period saw the institutionalization of Jim Crow laws in the South, which upheld racial inequality, while Northern cities also experienced de facto segregation. Civil rights movements emerged, led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr. and organizations like the NAACP, challenging these injustices and advocating for equality. Landmark events, such as the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, marked significant strides towards desegregation and social justice.

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