The Naval blockade
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The was no limit in the United States as to the number of slaves an individual living in the North or South could own until shortly after the civil war ended. Some states had restrictions (in the north) that prevented the owning of slaves by it's population and yet allowed non citizens of the state to retain ownership. Slavery was abolished the December after the Civil War ended.
The North sought to blockade the South during the Civil War to weaken its economy and limit its ability to import weapons and supplies. By cutting off trade routes, the Union aimed to cripple the Southern economy, which heavily relied on exports like cotton. The blockade was part of the Anaconda Plan, designed to suffocate the Confederacy and force a surrender through economic pressure. Ultimately, this strategy was intended to hasten the end of the war by diminishing the South's resources and morale.
The North favored California's admission as a free state primarily because it would help maintain a balance of power in Congress against the pro-slavery South. By adding California as a free state, the North sought to limit the expansion of slavery into new territories, reinforcing the principle of free labor. Additionally, California's rapid population growth and economic potential as a free state could bolster the Northern economy and political influence. Overall, this move was seen as crucial in the ongoing struggle between free and slave states during the pre-Civil War era.
Transportation technology was not well-developed
The South.
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Black Codes
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As part of the Anaconda Plan, the North blockaded the southern city seaports. This effectively prevented trade from overseas.
Many new black churches were established.
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There was civil unrest in the North during the US Civil War. Many people were considered to be Southern sympathizers or people simply against the war itself. At times the Lincoln administration had to, in their minds, declare civil emergencies and suspend the writ of habeas corpus. This was done extensively in Maryland, a border slave state, and in many other US locations. By suspending the "writ" people were jailed and not tried. Their property was sometimes confiscated.
First a Naval blockade, which was generally successful. Then the Emancipation Proclamation (effective January 1863), which made it impossible for foreign countries to aid the Confederates without looking pro-slavery. This was also successful.
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