Technically they were, (usually) the northern states of the USA (north of the Ohio river). Yet, the Dred Scot decision by the USA Supreme Court really meant the entire USA was a slave nation prior to the Civil War. Dred Scot was a slave taken to a "free" state, and he argued for his freedom, but, the Supreme Court ruled that no matter where he was taken, Dred Scot was still a slave.
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The institution of slavery in the United States of America ended with the culmination of the United States Civil War, which ended in 1865.
in 1768. In 1868 with the ratification of the 14th amendment to the United States Constitution.
The official name is the United States of America. There are many nicknames such as America (which isn't often used outside the country), the United States (most widely used worldwide), the U.S., and the U.S.A.. Occasionally, the country is referred to as Uncle Sam as well, who is a symbol of the country.
Texas was a slave state and not a free state. Quoting Wikipedia - "A slave state, Texas declared its secession from the United States in early 1861, joining the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War."
There were 16 free states