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Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, and Georgia are the colonies of the Southern Colonies. Maryland was founded in 1634 by a group of Catholics - the Calverts. The Calverts are a rich, wealthy family of Catholics. They wanted Maryland as a refuge for Catholics. George Calvert, also known as Lord Baltimore died before the charter was signed, so his son, Cecilius Calvert became the new Lord Baltimore. Their settlement was first called St. Mary's, later, the name was changed to Baltimore in honor of their leader. In 1663 King Charles of England gave a charter to eight of his officials. They wanted to the use the colony for their businesses. They named the colony Carolina in honor of Charles. The first settlement was Charleston. When they found out that this big piece of land was too hard to rule, they divided the land in 1680 into two separate colonies: North Carolina and South Carolina. The last of the original 13 colonies was Georgia. In 1733 the King of England gave land to a man named James Oglethorpe because Oglethorpe had a plan to get rid of debtors living in England. They thought that if they sent these debtors to the start a new colony, they would start a business and protect the land. The first settlement was called Savannah, and Georgia was named in honor of King George of England. The climate in the Southern Colonies was the warmest of the English colonies. The warm climate made it possible to grow crops throughout the year. The land was flat and the soil was rich and fertile. Tobacco and rice were the two most important cash crops. The climate was ideally suited for plantations where slaves did the manual labor. The geography of the Southern Colonies had a broad, coastal plain that was hilly and covered with forests. The economy of the Southern Colonies was driven by plantations, initially worked by indentured servants, a labor force which was largely replaced in the early 18th century by slaves imported from Africa, except for Georgia, where most plantations were worked by debtors.

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