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Slavery had become entrenched in the South due to their agricultural economy. The way things were set up, slavery was necessary for the way of life that had developed there. There was no painless way to end the practice even as moral objections arose over it. Most whites believed that they were ordained to be the superior race and that blacks were not fully human but were created to serve as inferiors and could not manage by themselves even if they were freed from slavery.
The South was for slavery because it brought in free workers and a lot of profit for the slave owners. On the other hand, the North had no reason to have slaves, so they tried to abolish slavery and ended up succeeding.
I think it lasted a long time because no one wanted to be the one to get rid of it. Even though it is wrong to use slavery, it was the way the South made money. They used slaves for free labor on plantations. The person to get rid of slavery would have been hated by any slave holders. Delegates at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 also made sure no one limited slavery until 1808 with the Slave Trade Compromise to keep the South from leaving the U.S. Slavery ended up not being outlawed until 1865 once the Civil War was won by the North.
The free blacks during the slavery were called indentured slaves. They were the ones that were owned by the plantation owners, but they were also paid for the work that they had done on the plantation. When they served their time as a slave which was usually up to not exceeding three years they were freed and told that they could leave. Some of them stayed on and some left the plantations.
slavery and the states seceding. lincoln wanted the country to stay united but the south didnt and thats what started the whole thing then lincoln brought slavery into it and ended up ending slavery