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The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Compromise of 1850 did not allow any choice in the matter. It reflected the increasing difficulty of creating new slave-states. It was the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 that allowed the people of those two territories to vote on the slavery question. The only time it was tried (in Kansas), it led to terrible bloodshed, and was not tried again. The result was that Kansas rejected slavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty
By the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, voters in the US territories would decide whether the "soon to be state" would enter as a free state or a slave state. This Act was the result of Senator Stephan Douglas's ideas to solve the slave-free state crisis.