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Before the Civil War, most of the power in the South was held by wealthy plantation owners, often referred to as the "Southern aristocracy." These individuals owned large plantations and relied on slave labor for their agricultural production, particularly in cotton and tobacco. Their economic influence translated into significant political power, as they dominated state legislatures and influenced national policies to protect their interests, including the institution of slavery. This elite class shaped the social, economic, and political landscape of the South during this period.

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