How did European empires spread?

Answer 1

European empires spread primarily through exploration, colonization, and conquest from the 15th to the 20th centuries. Advances in navigation and shipbuilding enabled European powers, such as Spain, Portugal, Britain, and France, to establish trade routes and settle in new territories. They often imposed their governance, culture, and religion on indigenous populations, leading to significant social and economic changes. Additionally, European rivalries and the quest for resources fueled competition, resulting in the expansion of empires across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.