yes, a muzzle loader and black powder are just two different names for the same thing.
Black powder is a term that also includes a category of guns that fire black powder cartridges. So these guns were breech loaders and do not load from the muzzle. Also the early black powder revolvers were loaded by ramming the charge into the cylinders---not the muzzle. These could also be referred to as black powder pistols and not muzzle loaders.
I just call them "smoke poles" myself.
Black Powder.
To the best of my knowledge unless you are a convicted felon you can own a black powder gun.
Yes, a black powder gun is considered a firearm under federal law.
Chinese
I imagine state laws vary on this but in Texas you do not have to call anybody to transfer a black powder gun.
No. Mosern .22 shorts are loaded with smokeless powder. .22 short black powder is loaded with just that - black powder. Smokeless powder develops higher pressures than black powder and should not be blindly used without some confirmation that the gun will handle the pressures. Consult a local gunsmith.
no rockets run on black powder (gun powder)
who made the gun. how do you know it's a black powder gun ????
Spain
Charcoal and saltpeter (if you mean black powder)
Nothing
Black powder, or a black powder substitute such as Pyrodex. Smokeless powder (modern gun powder) should not be used in a traditional muzzle loading firearm.