it's at Thomas Edison's house
An Asteroid
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The sun is very, very bright and it can melt a piece of lead.
Pluto is a dwarf planet that orbits the Sun. It is not known to be a piece of something else.
It all depends on how big the piece is.
The piece of the Sun Stone for the Aztecs in Time Tangled Island can be found in the past, in the Aztec Empire. You'll need to use a grappling hook to climb to the top of the Temple of the Sun and retrieve the piece from there.
A gnomon. You don't pronounce the "g".
gravity attracts the moon to the earth, us to the earth, the sun to the earth, the earth to the sun, and every piece of mater to every other piece of matter.
The Sun Stone piece is in a chimney at Thomas Edison's house in 1877 AD. Start up the newfangled "horseless carriage" (early car) at the left. Press the button and it will drive across the front of the house. Jump from the car to the tree, to the roof. The Sun Stone piece goes to 1519 AD (5 o'clock position on the time device).
Midnight Sun, it is written in Edward's perspective of Twilight.