you place a lava block down and die
If you dig down to around diamond level (0-12 blocks) and find your way into a cave, there should be an abundance of lava down in the caves. Above ground, dry/desert biomes can contain lava pools.
your items should be where u died, but if u drowned in lava u cant get your items back
You can find lava underground.
In caves. They are formed when water pours over a source block of lava. If it isn't a source block, then it will be turned into cobblestone. Plus there is sometimes lava under obsidian.
Lava can be found anywhere beneath sea level. Lava has been know to spawn on the surface in pools, though this is rare. However, lava seems to be much more common as you get closer to bedrock.
Yes, bedrock will block lava.
no
The Minecraft block ID for lava is 10 or 11 for stationary and flowing lava respectively.
Lava layer is around 12-14
Any level really. Patches of lava can occasionally be found on the surface, or inside mountains.
If you have a bucket, manually dig around underground until you find lava, then get reasonably close with your bucket and right click. Your bucket will fill with lava. Move back to your place, then rightclick on a block to place that lava. Be careful, as the lava you place will being flowing down. Also, lava burns close-by wooden things.