An air RIFLE that shoots pellets through a rifled barrel will leave identifying marks on a fired pellet. A smoothbore air GUN that shoots BBs usually will not.
The scratch marks left on the proyectile by the rifling lines of the inside of the bore (barrel).
You compare the rifling marks on the bullet to the rifling in the barrel. You can also compare the firing pin mark on the primer to the firing pin on the gun.
What us identifying marks?
When a bullet is fired through a rifled barrel, the lands and grooves of the rifling make marks on the bullet. These marks are called striations, and can be used to match a bullet to the gun that fired it. That DOES include .22 caliber bullets. However, .22LR ammo has a soft lead bullet- if it strikes a hard surface, it may be so badly damaged that the striations are obliterated.
The barrel is bored, and rifled with a cutter or broach. Match barrels are frequently lapped (polished) with a lead lapper coated with very fine abrasive. This lapping polishes out tool marks left by the rifling process, and insures uniform diameter of the bore.
The stripes of the lands and grooves will be on the sides of the bullet. If the bullet is "stripping" through the rifling of the gun, the striations (proper name for the rifling marks) will be smeared.
Where a bullet is pushed through the barrel of a rifled firearm, spiralgrooves cut into the inside of the barrel (rifling) cause the bullet to spin. This provides for better accuracy- and at the same time, makes marks (striations) on the bullet. A shotgun does not have those grooves, and does not produce striations on the projectile.
When a bullet is pushed through a rifled barrel, the rifling (lines cut into the inside of the barrel in a spiral) makes scratch marks on the bullet. No two guns make the exact same scratches. It is possible to examine the scratch marks, on two bullets and see if they could have been fired from the same gun. This uses a device called a comparison microscope.
A bullet that has left the barrel has marks left from its travel down the barrel.
Yes, we have observed identifying claw marks on trees in the vicinity.
Made by Crescent Fire Arms Co, 1893-1932. Worth $150-$250 depending on condition.
Leonard Marks invented the barrel of monkeys and sold it to Lakeside toys.