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Yes Pepin the short was his father
His father died before he could ascend to the throne. So, when King George's grandfather died, he became king.
Because Australia chose not to become a republic. The queen is head of Australia in Title only.
He became king when his father, Louis XIII, died in 1643. (He was only five years old at the time, so he didn't actually start to rule France then. The Cardinal Jules Mazarin ruled in his place until 1661.)
It was partitioned among his three sons following Germanic inheritance rules.