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From the Brera Observatory in Milan in the late 1800s, Schiaparelli mapped and named many of the major features of the Planet Mars -- and we still use those naming conventions today. He also mapped a network of what he called "canali" (or channels) on the surface of Red Planet. While later studies proved that these observations were the product of optical illusions, the mistranslation of his word as 'canals' into English lead to widespread speculation about the possibilty of extraterrestrial intelligent life. (So most late 19th and early 20th century tales of Martian invasions -- e.g., Wells' War of the Worlds -- owe a debt to Schiaparelli!) In addition, Schiaparelli contributed to the modern scientific understanding of the relationship between meteor showers and asteroids, and he made early observations regarding the orbits of binary stars and the orbital patterns of Mercury and Venus.
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