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Some important Muslim cities include Mecca, the holiest city in Islam, where millions converge for the Hajj pilgrimage, and Medina, the site of the Prophet Muhammad's mosque. Other significant cities are Istanbul, a historical center of Islamic culture and the former capital of the Ottoman Empire; Cairo, known for its rich Islamic heritage and landmarks like the Al-Azhar University; and Baghdad, once a thriving hub of knowledge and culture during the Golden Age of Islam. Each city plays a crucial role in the religious, cultural, and historical landscape of the Muslim world.

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