Not much to write home about. Little was known in Europe in Marx's day, and he tended to write off pre-colonial societies. Some see an African variant of a stagnant "Asiatic mode of production", others a local feudalism with some slavery thown in, some a slave-based economy developing feudal elements. A few adventurous souls have hypothesised an "African mode of production" based on village organisation modified by long-distance trade.
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Lenin led the Bolshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. The RSDLP was split into two factions, Lenin's Bolsheviks and the majority faction Mensheviks. Both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were Marxist. The Mensheviks were just not as radical as the Bolsheviks. Lenin led the Bolshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Party. The RSDLP was split into two factions, Lenin's Bolsheviks and the majority faction Mensheviks. Both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were Marxist. The Mensheviks were just not as radical as the Bolsheviks.
No, but neither was he an anti-Marxist. Like Marxists he emphasised the role of broad social forces rather than individuals in shaping history, and like marxists he was interested in patterns in history rather than the identification of single defining events. He did not, however, see reason to privilege 'class struggle' or 'technological determinism' as overarching driving forces for all of history, so he was not a historical materialist and therefore not a Marxist.
The Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) was the first Marxist party in Russia. In 1903, the party split into two factions, the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. The Bolsheviks eventually split off completely from the RSDLP and formed their own party. The Bolshevik Party eventually became the Communist Party in 1918.
If you are referring to the Bolsheviks, they were not Marxist. The Bolsheviks set up a state capitalist system in Russia, ruled by those who controlled the state.
They began as a small faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, a Marxist revolutionary party.