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To take it a step further, to be considered a Greek citizen, you had to be born Greek (i.e. born to FREE Greek speaking parents). Many of the city-states also had rules for slaves becoming citizens (with the exception of Sparta). In Rome, all FREE people who lived within the borders of the Empire were considered citizens, though to participate in the Senate, even as a Plebian, your parents had to be born a citizen.

When comparing the two side by side, you could say that in Greek times, a Greek was only a Greek. But in Roman times, a Greek was always a Roman, but a Roman was only Greek if he was born Greek.

-Indiriel

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It was one of nationality. A Greek was a Greek and a Roman was a Roman. The big difference was that generally a Greek was only a citizen of his city-state while the Roman citizen held citizenship throughout the empire.

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