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In the 16th century, Europeans increasingly utilized enslaved Africans for labor in the burgeoning plantation economy, particularly in the Americas. They were primarily used to cultivate lucrative cash crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which were in high demand in Europe. This shift marked a transition from European serfdom and indigenous labor to a system reliant on the transatlantic slave trade, fundamentally altering economic and social structures in the colonies. Enslaved Africans were viewed as a commodity, leading to the establishment of a brutal and dehumanizing system that would have lasting consequences.

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