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Autarky is a policy of economic independence. It is a term that has fallen into disuse except when referring to historical circumstances, especially in the interwar and war years.
In the case of Italy:
On 23 March 1936, Mussolini announced the policy of autarky, which became the fascist response to the economic sanctions imposed by the League of Nations for Italy's transgression in Ethiopia.
Autarky (from the Greek autarkeia, or "self-sufficiency,") would become the ideological bulwark of the nationalist and militaristic efforts of Fascist Italy (and countless other countries) for economic independence.
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