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The independence movements in Latin America, which largely unfolded during the early 19th century, resulted in the establishment of sovereign nations, leading to the end of colonial rule by Spain and Portugal. However, the newfound independence often led to political instability, as newly formed governments struggled with internal divisions and power struggles. Economically, while some regions experienced growth, many nations faced challenges due to dependency on foreign markets and the legacy of colonial exploitation. Additionally, social inequalities persisted, as the independence movements primarily benefited the creole elite, leaving indigenous populations and enslaved people largely marginalized.

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