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If Cleopatra had never existed, the ancient world's trajectory would have shifted, particularly for Egypt and the nascent Roman Empire.

Here's a condensed look at the likely impacts:

Egypt's Early Demise: Egypt, a wealthy and strategically vital land, would have lost its last independent ruler much sooner. Its unique blend of Hellenistic culture would have quickly faded under unmitigated Roman direct rule.

Roman Power Play Simplified:

Caesar's Heir Void: Julius Caesar would have had no son (Caesarion), potentially simplifying his succession crisis after his assassination.

Antony's Unhindered Focus: Mark Antony, without Cleopatra's powerful influence and the strategic alliance with Egypt, might have avoided alienating Rome with "Eastern" decadence. His rivalry with Octavian (Augustus) would have been purely Roman, perhaps leading to a different kind of civil war.

Octavian's Propaganda Gap: Octavian used Cleopatra as a foreign, corrupting enemy to rally Rome against Antony. Without her, his rise to sole power might have been less dramatic or required a different narrative.

Less Romanticized History: We would miss out on one of history's most compelling figures. Shakespeare's plays, famous films, and countless stories about power, love, and tragedy would never have existed in their current form. Her absence would diminish the ancient world's most prominent female ruler in historical and cultural memory.

In essence, Cleopatra's absence would have meant Egypt became a Roman province earlier, and the final Roman civil war might have played out with different dynamics and propaganda, leading to a potentially less dramatic, though still pivotal, transition to the Augustan age. Our shared cultural narrative of ancient history would also be significantly less vibrant.

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