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The English Civil War was a series of wars between the forces of the English Parliament (led by Oliver Cromwell) and the royalists supporting King Charles I. The major basis for the conflict was the power of the monarch as opposed to the right of citizens and their legislative representatives. The most prominent of the conflicts was the First Civil War, from 1642 to 1646, ending with the imprisonment of Charles.

The second war, from 1648 to 1649 was between the rival factions over miltary supremacy and the influence of the king. It ended with the executions of prominent Royalists including the beheading of Charles, and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England as a republic on May 19, 1649.

The final war, from 1649 to 1651, pitted Charles II and the Scots against the Parliamentarian militias, but popular sentiment among the people led to the failure of the Royalists to regain power. By 1652, the remainder of the supporters of the monarchy were forced to acknowledge defeat. The result was the establishment of the Commonwealth of England

1. The English Civil War started in 1642 when Charles I raised his royal standard in Nottingham.

2. There were only three major battles in the English Civil War - Edge Hill near Birmingham in 1642, Marston Moor in Yorkshire 1644 and Naseby in Northamptonshire 1645.

3. In the end it was Parliament who was the stronger army.

5. There were always two forces competing for rule of the country

6. The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I.

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