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malr
MALR (Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate) and DALR (Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate) refer to the rates at which the temperature of an air parcel changes with altitude. The DALR is approximately 9.8°C per kilometer for unsaturated air, while the MALR varies between about 5°C to 7°C per kilometer, depending on the moisture content. The difference arises because saturated air releases latent heat during condensation, which slows down the cooling rate compared to dry air. Thus, MALR is less than DALR due to the energy released when water vapor condenses into liquid.
environmental lapse rate involves the actual temperature of the atmosphere at various heights. adiabatic cooling is the cooling of air caused when air is not allowed to expand or compress.