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In the US, the basic law on workplace safety, the Occupational Safety and Health act of 1970, specifically excludes Federal employers and what we now call "public sector" employers (state and municipal governments, etc.) from coverage.

However, if a given state has an OSHA-approved Health and Safety Program, it must cover the public sector employers of that state. By Presidential Order, all federal agencies, including the armed forces, must have programs that are at least as effective as OSHA. However, that still leaves employers in the Judicial and Legislative branches exempted from coverage. Congress has been under some pressure to provide equivalent coverage to its employees in recent years.

Coverage in other countries is quite different and differs from country to country.

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Q: Are government workplaces exempt from workplace safety laws?
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