Answer 1
Yes, you can convert to Judaism.
Answer 2
While Judaism doesn't actively seek converts, those non-Jews who themselves decide to become Jewish may do so. Traditional conversion includes learning about Judaism and its laws, showing a sincere desire to convert and to live as an observant Jew, immersion in a ritual bath, and circumcision (for uncircumcised males).
Conversion is a permanent undertaking, a lifelong decision, which must not be done on a whim or impulse.
Nothing. Jews do not seek converts. If a person wishes to convert to Judaism, they are permitted to do so, but Judaism teaches that Judaism should not be proselytized.
According to Jewish law, a Kohen can't marry a convert to Judaism.
Anyone can attempt to follow Jewish tradition, but to truly practice Judaism, a person must be accepted as part of a Jewish community, and that involves conversion. Someone from a Hindu background who is accepted as a convert is no longer a Hindu, just as someone from a Christian background who is accepted as a convert is no longer a Christian. Once a conversion is complete, the convert is a Jew, who, it is hoped, will practice Judaism.
He didn't.
In order for a person to be a Jew they have to either be born to a Jewish woman or convert to Judaism following halacha (Jewish law).
A member of Judaism is called a Jew or a Jewish person.
No, Obama is a Christian.
yes
Yes, according to tradition.
The religion is Judaism. A person who follows Judaism is Jewish.
Only Judaism
His father is a convert to Judaism and his mother is Jewish.