Adobe does make a few programs available for Linux, namely Adobe Flash Player and Adobe Acrobat Reader. Adobe does not make programs like Adobe Flash or Photoshop available for Linux, and recent versions of these programs do not work in Wine.
Install Linux.
Linux has no built-in support for Windows programs, but many Windows programs and games can be used if you install Wine, a compatibility layer. There are some commercial programs that do the same thing, such as Cedega, that are targeted specifically at games, or Crossover Office, which is targeted at Micosoft Office.
Adobe Air is Adobe's widget framework, much like those offered by Google, Yahoo and so on. It's perfectly safe to install, and can be uninstalled at any time from Add/Remove Programs.
There is no Linux version of Adobe Fireworks. However, you can run the Windows version on Linux if you have Wine installed.
You can install and run Microsoft Office in Linux, yes. You will need to install it separately, however; you can't just run the programs off your Windowspartition in Linux.
Because Adobe has not ported it to Linux, and the source code is not available, so others cannot.
Different Linux distributions have different methods for installing programs, far too many to be comprehensive in a single answer. If you want a specific answer, ask "How do i install Firefox and Pidgin in Ubuntu?" or "How do I install Firefox and Pidgin in OpenSUSE?", or whatever distribution you are using.
by default Linux doesnt support windows applications although wine and crossover can install and run them. you can take a look at winehq.org and www.codeweavers.com for more information on it and whether your application is supported.
The version of Firefox bundled with Adobe Flash Player is too old to support newer versions of Adobe Flash Player. The last version that will work with it is version 7. You can use it by downloading the .tar.gz file, extracting it (tar xvvf nameoffile.tar.gz), and copying the plugin (a .so file) to /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins.
C isn't a program, or something you install; it is a programming language for writing software. Linux and most of the programs that run on it were written in C, and a C compiler and libraries are supplied with most systems, or are readily available.
You can't, only Adobe sells their programs.
No, Adobe Flash player is proprietary (private property) and Sony doesn't have the same deal with them that Microsoft does. PS3 won't have it until they buy the rights and distribute it via firmware update. I should mention that if you install Linux (I suggest Fedora 7) that you CAN install it, but getting anything to run smoothly in (ps3) Linux takes work.