No the diameter of the crank journals are different.
Theoretically, yes.
Yes, however you will need to use a 427 crankshaft, rods, and pistons.
You buy the correct crankshaft, rods, and pistons and install them in your block.
Hopefully someone with the correct answer will improve this answer, but a shortblock weighs 290. That is a 350 block with crank, rods, pistons, and cam.
Most people consider a short block to be a block with crank, rods, and pistons installed.
Absolutely. The ONLY parts that aren't interchangeable between a 2 bolt and 4 bolt block are the main bearing caps themselves. The crank, rods, pistons, camshaft, oil pump, etc, are ALL interchangeable. So yes, the pistons will work just fine.
main bearings might get i the way The pistons come out the top.
Yes, that should be ok.
As long as the 350 block is under the year 1986. Then all of the external engine parts will interchange. The heads and intake will also interchange. The CRANK AND RODS AND PISTONS WILL NO INTERCHANGE.
The pistons and connecting rods have to be disconnected from the crankshaft, then removed from the top of the engine block. The oil pan and heads will have to be removed to gain access.
It will fit, but you might want to have the crank, rods, and pistons balanced first as there is a big difference in the weight of a 350 piston versus a 305 piston. Wouldn't want to get it all together and have a nasty vibration at certain speeds.
A long block comes with everything but the intake, Sometimes they will leave the sheet medal off, Oil pan,valve covers, Timing cover. A short block will be just the block,crank,rods and pistons and cam shaft, Timing gears No heads or sheet medal.