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Australian Colonial Settlement

Arrival of the first fleet, establishment of the colonies, and the period up to Federation in 1901.

500 Questions

Did Columbus see the coast of Australia?

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No, Christopher Columbus never saw the coast of Australia. He is predominantly known for his voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, discovering the Americas. Columbus never sailed to or had any knowledge of Australia, which was discovered by European explorers several decades after his death.

What problems did the convicts face in Australia?

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Convicts in Australia faced a range of problems, including harsh living conditions, forced labor, limited freedom, and social isolation. They often suffered from malnutrition, disease, and physical abuse. Moreover, they were stigmatized by society, which made it difficult for them to reintegrate into the community after serving their sentences.

What sort of relationship did Blaxland have on his journey?

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Blaxland had a close and collaborative relationship with his companions, Wentworth and Lawson, during their journey across the Blue Mountains. They relied on each other for support, decision-making, and problem-solving, which was crucial for the success of their expedition. Their strong camaraderie and teamwork enabled them to navigate the difficult terrain and find a route through the mountains.

What does fleet ditch means?

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Fleet ditch is an underground river that flows into the Thames.

However, its usually used in reference to fleet ditch being used as a sewer throughout history.

So if someone talks about a fleet ditch, they probably mean open sewers or pooping in rivers.

What was Matthew Flinders most remembered for?

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Matthew Flinders is arguably most famous for being the first to circumnavigate the Australian continent. Between December 1801 and June 1803, Flinders charted the entire coastline of Australia.

Australia was previously known as New Holland, and Flinders first proposed the name "Terra Australis", which became "Australia", the name adopted in 1824.

When was the first television bought?

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The first working television was made my John Logie Baird, a Scottish engineer living in England. Using the world's first video camera, he demonstrated his "Televisor" television in a department store in London during March 1925.

This same system was later used by the BBC to begin the first public broadacsts from their London studios. The Televisor was sold commercially and the system remained in operation until 1936 when the BBC changed to a higher definition format.

What are some significant events that occurred during colonial Australia?

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Presuming that the term 'colonial Australia' refers to the first 100 years of the colonisation of Australia, the following events could be considered as significant:

1788 - Australia's first groups of white settlers, mostly convicts, arrived from England, along with officers, marines and free settlers. In the ensuing years, free settlers were encouraged to come, and the colony of New South Wales grew. Meanwhile, conflict between the traditional indigenous owners and the new white settlers increased, and the Aborigines began to decrease in number.

1801-1803 - Matthew Flinders circumnavigated Australia. This added considerably to the world maps of the time. Because of this journey, Flinders also recommended the name Terra Australis be adopted for the continent. In Governor Lachlan Macquarie's time, this became the name Australia.

1804 - A colony was established in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania)

1813 - Crossing of the Blue mountains by Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth: they were the first Europeans to succeed in crossing Australia's impenetrable Blue Mountains, and allowing vital expansion of the settlement to the west. This was when Europeans stopped just clinging to the coastal areas of Australia, and instead began to really establish new settlements inland.

1824 The first colony (Colony of Moreton Bay) in what is now Queensland was established.

1829 The colony of Western Australia was officially proclaimed.

1829-30 Charles Sturt followed and charted the major rivers of New South Wales, opening up the waterways along the Murray and Darling Rivers, and generating interest in a southern colony (later South Australia).

1836 The colony of South Australia was proclaimed.

1840-41 Edward Eyre became the first European to travel overland from east to west, crossing the Nullarbor Plain in gruelling conditions, with just one aboriginal companion, after two other aborigines travelling with him killed his overseer.

1851 in April, gold prospector Edward Hargraves and his partners reported finding gold at Ophir NSW, beginning the Australian goldrush.

1851 Victoria separated from New South wales to become its own colony, and Australia's richest goldfields for the time were found in Victoria. The colony of Victoria grew exponentially, thanks to this discovery. The wealth brought by the discovery of gold was a significant catalyst to Australia eventually becoming a country made of states, not just a continent occupied by numerous colonies.

Where did Arthur Phillip live in Australia?

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Originally, it was recommended that the First Fleet would settle at Botany Bay, where it arrived on 18 January 1788. However, Captain Arthur Phillip immediately determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. He sailed north, seeking a better site for settlement, and decided Port Jackson met the immediate needs of the colonists. Thus the fleet was moved to Port Jackson, and thence on to Sydney Cove, arriving on 26 January 1788.

How many ships and people were in the second fleet?

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There is no set number; like all fleet commands around the world, the number of naval assets assigned to 2nd Fleet changes constantly. This is because ships form different Task Forces, Battle Groups, etc., and may leave the 2nd Fleet's operational command area and enter another, or they're formed/assigned as tactical considerations warrant. Ships and other assets that might be assigned to 2nd Fleet's command may be from another Fleet; it depends on the situation and needs of the Navy.

What is the difference between the Perry's Black Ships and the Great White Fleet was that the Black Ships?

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The Taft katsura agreement Secretary of War William Taft suggested America would support Japanese control of