Australian Explorers

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Charles Sturt was accompanied on his expedition by a team of explorers, including Hamilton Hume and William Hovell. Sturt also had a party of convicts, soldiers, and Indigenous guides that assisted him during his journeys through the Australian outback.

Thomas Mitchell's second expedition in Australia in 1836-1837 involved a well-equipped party including horses for transportation, tents for shelter, scientific instruments for mapping, and provisions for survival in the outback. Mitchell's team also utilized firearms for protection and hunting, as well as communication tools such as signal flags and trumpets. He relied on the expertise of his team members in various disciplines to ensure the success of the expedition.

Allan Cunningham made major discoveries such as the rich farming land of the Darling Downs (1827) which led to inland settlement of what is now southern Queensland, and Cunningham's Gap (1828). The discovery of Cunningham's Gap meant that landowners on the Darling Downs did not need to send their products overland to Sydney and markets, but could take the shorter and easier route of coastal shipping.

Charles Sturt discovered the inland rivers of Australia while exploring the Murray-Darling river system during his expeditions in the early 19th century. He led a series of journeys to explore the interior of Australia, which included mapping the course of these important rivers and documenting the harsh conditions of the region. Sturt's discoveries significantly contributed to the knowledge of the Australian continent's geography.

Charles Sturt had 12 siblings. He was born in British India, but when he turned 5 years old, he was sent to England to live with relatives and get an education. He was born on April 28, 1795 and died on June 16, 1869. He is famous for being an explorer of Australia.

Captain Charles Sturt became an explorer to contribute to the geographical knowledge of Australia and to investigate the inland rivers and water sources in the continent. He aimed to further understand the interior of the Australian continent and discover new lands for potential settlement or resources.

The Sturt Plain is a vast arid region located in South Australia, known for its flat and featureless landscape. It is characterized by low vegetation cover, limited rainfall, and extensive salt flats. The area is sparsely populated and is mainly used for livestock grazing.

Hume and Hovell were the first white men to sight and name the "Hume River", though it was later renamed by Sturt as the Murray River. they were the first to sight the Australian Alps, and they also discovered a number of rivers, including the Kiewa River, Mitta Mitta River, Ovens River, King River, Broken River and Goulburn River.

The two explorers also discovered an overland route from Sydney to Port Phillip Bay. Much later, when it was built as a highway, it was named in honour of Hume, being an Australian-born explorer.

Charles Sturt and other early Australian explorers believed an inland sea existed because of the unusual behaviour of the rivers. Most rivers flow towards the coastline. However, the rivers of New South Wales on the western side of the Great Dividing Range all flowed away from the coast. The logical deduction was that they flowed to an inland sea. It was Charles Sturt who discovered that so many of the rivers flowed to tributaries of the Murray River, which then took almost a 90 degree turn south to the Southern Ocean. Although Sturt's journey down the Murray proved that the river system flowed to the southern coast, Sturt still remained convinced for most of his life that Australia's interior should hold an inland sea. After all, the other major continents had inland seas. In essence, Australia does - Lake Eyre - but not a permanent inland sea like the Great lakes of North America.

Charles Sturt encountered numerous hardships during his explorations of inland Australia in the early 19th century, including extreme heat, lack of water, difficult terrain, hostile indigenous tribes, and disease among his crew members. These challenges often led to harsh living conditions, food shortages, and physical exhaustion, but Sturt's determination and leadership enabled him to overcome many of these obstacles and contribute valuable knowledge about Australia's interior.

Hamilton Hume and William Hovell were two significant explorers in early Australia. Several features in the southeastern region of Australia are named after either Hume or Hovell., although Hume, being the Australian-born of the two explorers, seems to have had more places named after him.

Possibly the best known is the Hume Highway, which runs from Sydney to Canberra and approximates the route taken southwest by Hume and Hovell. In Canberra, there is the suburb of Hume, while the City of Hume is a Local Government Area in Victoria, in the northern suburbs of Melbourne. The Greater Hume Shire Council is a Local Government Area of New South Wales, Australia, incorporating the towns of Culcairn and most of Holbrook. The Division of Hume is an Electoral Division in NSW, just north of the ACT.

Lake Hume is an artificial lake on the Murray River, near Albury, formed by the damming of the Murray. It is interesting to note that, originally, the Murray River was named the Hume River. Sturt, who charted the river five years later, renamed it the Murray.

Named after William Hovell is William Hovell Drive, the road between Belconnen and North Canberra. Lake William Hovell is an artificial lake formed by the damming of the King River in Victoria.

Most of Charles Sturt's exploration was undertaken in New South Wales which, incidentally, was a colony, and not yet a state when he explored. However, he also made some significant discoveries through South Australia.

John Oxley was born in Yorkshire, England in 1784 and spent his early years there. He later moved to Australia where he became a renowned explorer and surveyor.

Like several other early Australian explorers, John Oxley explored the rivers of inland NSW to find out why they flowed away from the coast instead of towards the coast. Every other continent had rivers which flowed toward the coast, but Australia was different in that regard.

Charles Sturt, like all one Australian explorers, faced challenges they could not have imagined in the harsh, unforgiving land of Australia.

At one stage on Charles Sturt's expedition along the Murray River, the group narrowly avoided a confrontation with hostile Aborigines. Fortunately, Sturt was always generous towards the many Aboriginal tribes he encountered, readily sharing food and gifts with them. In January 1830, however, his party encountered a group of about six hundred hostile Aborigines on sandbanks of the Murray. His men loaded their guns and prepared for battle, but further action was unnecessary when an Aborigine whom Sturt had befriended days earlier appeared from the bushes and convinced the hostile Aborigines to leave Sturt's party alone.

Another common hardship was navigating his way through and around the many obstacles and snags which lay beneath the surface of the Murray River, particularly given that it was a flood year, and items such as trees and branches that would normally be exposed were submerged.

Sturt's return journey was arduous and exhausting. His party had to row back up the Murray River, against the current and the floodwaters heading downstream. The men rowed constantly, in shifts which lasted from dawn until dusk each day. They were low on rations, and it was the hottest time of the year. When they finally reached Wantabadgery Station, they were at the point of starvation, and had to spend some time recovering before returning to Sydney in May 1830. Because of the perpetual sun-glare on e Murray River, Sturt suffered a degree of blindness, from which he never fully recovered.

Later, whilst exploring the desert country of Central Australia, Sturt faced new challenges and hardships. Not expecting to take so long to long for this journey to "discover" the inland sea he was certain must exist, his party found themselves travelling through Australia's harsh interior in mid-summer. Daily temperatures in excess of 40 degrees Celsius took its toll on the men, and their hair and nails stopped growing. Although they are able to find sufficient water to sustain me, their diet in the deserts as very poor, and they were beset by scurvy. His assistant, James Poole, died in great pain from the effects of the disease. Add to that his ultimate disappointment in never finding any trace of an inland sea, as there was none.

Sturt Plain is named after explorer Charles Sturt.

Captain Charles Sturt was born in India in 1795, and lived in India until beginning his schooling in England at age 5. He joined the British Army in 1813 and lived at various places including Spain, Canada, France and Ireland, according to wherever he was required to serve. Sturt then arrived in Sydney, Australia, in 1827. Sometime after his main exploration of the rivers of New South Wales, Sturt lived briefly on Norfolk Island.

He returned to England for awhile, where he married Charlotte Green in 1834, then came back to New South Wales. In 1835, Sturt moved to Adelaide to take up the position of Surveyor-General of the new colony. Sometime after Sturt completed his exploration into Australia's interior desert, he then returned to England.

Charles Sturt was known for being brave, determined, and resourceful. He was a skilled explorer and leader, displaying qualities of resilience and adaptability in his expeditions across the Australian outback.

Lake Bathurst and the Goulburn Plains were discovered by Hume and James Meehan, the deputy surveyor-general in March 1817. In November 1824 he and William Hovell discovered the Murray River which, at the time, was named the Hume River. This was the journey when Hume and Hovell travelled overland from Sydney to Port Phillip, discovering considerable good farming land along the way, and crossing numerous other rivers.

Blaxland died at the age of 63, Lawson at 77, and Wentworth at 70.

There is limited information available about William Lawson's personal life, so it is unclear whether he had children or not.

Charles Sturt discovered the Darling River in Australia in 1828 during his exploration of the Murray-Darling river system. He also played a key role in mapping areas of central Australia and helped to further knowledge of the continent's interior.