It is only the protons that matter in classifying the element. Sulfur has 16 protons (An atomic number of 16).
An ATOM.
The sub-atomic particles are
Protons, Neutrons. and Electrons.
The protons and neutrons are collectively named 'nucleons, because they form the nucleus of an atom.
The electrons are in energy shells around the nucleus.
For the same element the number of protons and electrons remains unaltered.
Howerm for that same element the number of neutrons can vary., leading to different atomic masses.
Taking hydrogen as an example. It has three isotopes.
#1 ; protium ; 1 proton , 0 neutrons (Atomic Mass ; 1 + 0 = 1 )
#2 ; deuterium ; 1 proton , 1 neutron ( Atomic mass ; 1 + 1 = 2)
#3 ; tritium ; 1 proton, 2 neutrons ( Atomic Mass ; 1 + 2 = 3)
Notice for each isotope of hydrogen there is only ONE proton. However, for each different isotope of hydrogen there is a different number of neutrons.
The Atomic Mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons).
#4 ; Helium(He) ; 2 protons, 2 neutrons ( atomic mass 2 + 2 = 4 ).
For comparison helium has 2(TWO) protons and 2 neutrons, but it is an entirely different element, because it has a different number of protons.
YES!!!
The difinitive answer is ' Isotopes of an element have a DIFFERENT number of neutrons'.
Takinf an example. The element Hydrogen .
It has three isotopes. They are: -
#1 ; protium ; 1 proton , 0 neutrons, 1 electron ; Atomic mass '1'
#2 ; deuterium ; 1 proton , 1 neutron , 1 electron ; Atomic mass '2'
#3 ; tritium ; 1 proton 2 neutrons 1 electron. 'Atomic mass '3',
Carbon also has three isotopes biz.,
# 1 ; Carbon-12 ; 6 protons, 6 neutroins, 6 electrons ;Atomic mass '12'
#2 ; Carbon-13 ; 6 protons, 7 neutroins, 6 electrons ; Atomic mass ''13'
#3 ; Carbon-14 ; 6 protons, 8 neutroins, 6 electrons ; Atomic mass '14'.
Notice in each case the number of neutrons changes, the number of protons remains the same, otherwise it is a different element. The Atomic mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons.
NNB Every element has isotopes.
NNNN Do not confuse 'Isotopes' with 'Allotropes'. Allotropes are elements exhibiting a different physical form/appearance.
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, and collectively called 'nucleons'.
Electrons are found outside the nucleus, in energy shells.
The iron atom loses two(2) electrons to be come the Iron ION.
Fe = Fe^(2+) + 2e^-
NB An atom , when it becomes a charged spacied , is no longer an atom , but an ION.
Positively charged ions are CATIONS
Negatively charged ions are ANIONS.
4HNO3 means
HNO3 + HNO3 + HNO3 + HNO3
Taking any one HNO3 it has
1 x H (Hydrogen)
1 x N (Nitrogen)
3 x O (Oxygen)
1 + 1 + 3 = 5 So any one HNO3 has five atoms.
So four lots of HNO3 has 4 X 5 =20 atoms.
So no. of each type is
4 x hydrogen
4 x Nitrogen
12 x Oxygen
4 + 4 +12 = 20 as above.
4HNO3 would be said as 'Four molar ratios of nitric acid'.
There is NO atomic Number for polyethylene.
It is a compound containing millions of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Its formula is shown as -[CH2-CH2=]=(n)
Where 'n' is the number of units, which can be thouands or millions making one polymer molecule
The PROTONS and NEUTRONS. Collectively they are called ' nucleons'.
Electrons are in energy shells around the nucleus.
Hexane is '6' carbon atoms.
As per the IUPAC noimclature (naming system). The number of carbons goes by the following names.
#1 ; meth ; methane (CH4)
# 2 ; eth ; Ethene (H2C=CH2)
#3 ; prop ; Propyne (CH3-C///CH)
#4 ; but ; butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3)
#5 ; pent ; pentane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3)
#6 ; hex ; hexane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)
#7 ; hept ; heptane (CH3(CH2)5CH3)
#8 ; oct ; Octane (CH3(CH2)6CH3)
#9; non ; nonane (CH3(CH2)7CH3)
#10 ' dec ; decane (CH3(CH2)8CH3)
The naming system does go on , but these are the first ten names.
This nomenclature is based on Latin numers.
Depending on the functional group present, the suffixes are -ane(alkane), -ene(alkene) and -yne(alkyne)
Note the one letter difference in the functional group name for 'a', 'e' amd 'y'.
A atom has NO electrical charges.
However, its component protons have a positive charge and its electrons have a negative charge. Because the number of protons and electrons is equal in an atoms, it means the charges are equal and opposite, so there is no charge on an atom.
However, if an atom loses or gains electrons , then it becomes an ION . Ions have charge.
e.g. Sodium ; readily ionises(loses) an electron to becomes the sodium cation 'Na^+'+ . Similarly Chlorine ; has electrons affinity and readily gains an electron to becomes the chloride anion 'Cl^-'
NB ATOMS have No chagre. When an atom loses or gains electrons it becomes an ION ; NOT an atom.
NO!!! A proton does NOT circulate around the nucleus. It is part of the Nucleus.
Proton(s) together with neutron(s) form the nucleus of an atom; collectively known as 'nucleons'. Electrons circluate around the nucleus as clouds in energy shells.
With in the nucleus protons rotate within themselves. They are not static 'lumps' of charge.
As an analogy, think of the Solar System. The Sun is the nucleus, and the Sun is known to rotate. The planets are the electrons circulating the Sun and the planets are also known to rotate; think of Earth.
No, it's not accurate to say that atoms with fewer than 4 outer electrons always lend electrons. The tendency of an atom to gain, lose, or share electrons depends on its position in the periodic table and the number of electrons in its outermost shell.
Atoms generally strive to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling that of a noble gas. For atoms with fewer than 4 outer electrons (e.g., Group 1 and Group 2 elements), they tend to lose electrons to achieve a stable, noble gas-like configuration. These elements are more likely to form positive ions (cations).
Atoms with more than 4 outer electrons (e.g., Group 15, 16, and 17 elements) often gain electrons to complete their outer electron shell, resulting in negative ions (anions).
However, it's crucial to consider specific elements and their unique characteristics, as exceptions do exist. The concept of electron sharing (covalent bonding) is also prevalent, where atoms with similar electronegativities may share electrons rather than gaining or losing them.
Best,
Asif Ahmed
IBT: No.1 BPO Company in Middle East
H2S is hydrogen sulphide.
Hydrogen sulphide has the smell of 'rotten eggs'., which is the gas given off by rotten eggs.
Decane has 10 carbons, C10H22.
The nomenclature uses Latin root names.
Meth = 1
Eth =2
Prop = 3
But = 4
Pent = 5
Hex = 6
Hept = 7
Oct = 8
Non= 9
Dec = 10
YES!!! All matter contains protons, neutrons and electrons.
These particles are sub-atomic particles, and make up an atom .
Atoms then make up all matter.
What is C2h2cl2??? If you mean C2H2Cl2 Note the use of capital letters.
Then it is an alkene.
It could be
1,1- dichloroethene.
Cl2C=CH2
or
1,2- dichloroethene
ClHC = CHCl
This could then be either cis(Z)/trans(E) isomers.
NO!!!
Carbon atoms are not a compound
Oxygen atoms are not a compound.
However, they do combine to form the compound carbon dioxide (CO2)
The halogens making up group 17 on the periodic table have seven electrons in their outer shell. The five highly reactive elements in this group are Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine.
Well, they're probably not really particles ... but they're called "photons".
Atoms which can be further classified as protons, electrons and neutrons.
Inspect the Periodic Table.
For every element two numbers are given.
The larger number is thre ATOMIC MASS. and ther smaller number is the ATOMIC NUMBER.
The ATOMIC NUMBER tells, us ;-
#1 ; the elements position in the periodic table.
#2 ; the number of protons in the nucleus of the element
#3 ; the number of electrons in the neutrally charged atom.
If you subtract the Atomic mass from the Atomic Number , the difference is the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Taking Carbon as an example.
Symbol 'C'
Position in the periopdic Table is '6'
Number of protonsw in the nucleus is '6'
Number of electrons in the neutrally charged atoms is '6'
The atomic Mass is given as '12'
So subtracting 12 - 6 = 6 Six is the number of neutrons in carbon.
NB For every element, the Atomic Mass may vary. This is because the number of neutrons may vary. Carbon is no exception.
This variations are knowen as isotopes.
Above are the details for the commonest isotope of carbon.
However, Carbon has isotopes
C-13 , 7 neutrons (used in nmr analysis)
C-14 , 8 neutrons. (carbon dating).
Nine(9).
Remember ; **Non**ane has 9 carbons.
The cyclo bit tells us that they are arranged in a 'circle/loop' ; not a line.