hold it over steam from a kettle. hide glue softens with moisture.
When the glue joint comes apart.
No glue that I know of can dissolve chalk.
Glue that will dissolve in water .
It may dissolve with repeated immersion in water. Depends exactly which glue.
No glue has been made that makes a satisfactory joint on HDPE. There is a'hot rod welding' process, or gluing with a transition cement AND a screw to ensure no coming apart. -I'd choose a more versatile pipe if I was you.
No
The best way to glue popsicle sticks is to use a good PVA glue. TiteBond 2 or 3 if you have it is best. Elmer's white glue is reasonable and cheaper but also makes a similar joint for craft purposes.
Elmer's glue works by soaking into the porous parts of objects it is applied on. (so the more porous the item is the better your joint will be) When it's in place, it's 'carrier solvent' starts to dry out and the glue achieves a better bond. When it's totally dry you have a good joint, yet one that can still come apart in water.
Yes, most wood glues will dissolve in water.
Super glue will do that. 5 Minute Epoxy will do it also, only not so quickly - but very likely a stronger joint.
You name your glue first. There are hundreds of types. "Glue" alone tells us little.
No , the glue will not apply smoothly and will not make a lasting joint.