There isn't really a general term for this, but there a few you can use in different situations.
mworago? (뭐라고?) = is a polite way of saying 'what?' The 'rago' part is kind of indicating past tense, so you could use that. Of course this is in informal speech, if you wanted to use formal speech (전댓말) you would add a 'yo' to the end, so it becomes mworagoyo?
Yes, if you are asking someone to repeat themselves or clarify something, using "what" is more commonly used than "pardon" in casual conversation.
Sorry
It means asking a question or asking someone to repeat what they just said eg what did you just say I couldn't catch that sorry. A more polite word than "what" is pardon you would especially use this if you asked someone to repeat what they just said because you didn't hear it.
Well a cliche is a phrase that is aid alot or is redundant so if someone were to say "Pardon the cliches" I would think they were asking you to either ignore them or to forgive them for using them in the first place. Sorry if this doesn't help you at all I'm only a freshman in high school.
Sorry
To say "pardon me", after bumping into someone for instance, it is "perdone". To say "I am sorry" in more serious situations it would be "lo siento"
"I beg your pardon" means "I'm sorry" in a formal way.
i am pretty sure its je suis desole. with an accent on the last e of desole Pardon or you can say excuse moi Improve - désolé - désolée (fem) - excuse-moi. (to someone you know) - excusez-moi (to someone you don't know) - pardon
Sorry, pardon me
"oh sorry"
"Pardon" or "Je suis desolé"
Pardon means- Sorry/Excuse me